2555_SKCPN

Outeniekwa

Outeniekwa

K 3322/3323

Toponymica Hottentotica: A2 (H-Z)

22.5

-33.5

50 km radius

eng Beutler 1752 RZA 3 275 ''t Houteniquas Mountains'. Ibid. 276 ''t Oudeni- Quasland'. Ibid. 292 'Houteniquasland'. Ibid. 333 'In the old Ni-Quasland'. Ibid. 334 ''t outeniquasland'. Cloppenburg JW 1768 Journal MS 21 (Cape Argive VC 96) '... Again a region is Sonder Hout, and not inhabited, not in the map under Houteniquas Country Word ... The word Houteniquas wants seggen in the Hottentots Woodeni Bear Sak, Quas Man or People, Wijl de Hottentots located in Saken's honey from the woods and so sad '. Thunberg 1772 Resa / 221 'Hauteniqua', also 'Hautniqua'. Sparrman 1775/227 'Houtniquas'. Ibid. 2 350 'TERRA FURMA, HOUTNIQUA'. SwellingGrebel H 1776 GM RZA 4 27 'Autoniqua', also Saam with 30 '-bosch' and 33 'country'. Ibid. 1776 MS Journal 1 (c) 2 'Antoniqua country'. Paterson 1777 NFJ 34 'And Proceded Towards The Hottniqua Land'. Van Plettenberg 1778 GM RZA 4 57 '... in 't Houtniqua Country: Which region does behold the name after the hottests that inhabited sole time and woodniqua or sacrificers called Wierden'. Ibid. 54 '... in 't Houteniqua Land'. Ibid. 55 '... in 't Hauteniqualand. ..is inhablited by Several Planters, Who ... Collect Honey, All of Which They Transport to the Cape ... 'Anon. 1805 Lyst from all collegias [Collect by Pettman 1931 SAPN 27]' The old Niqualand '. Traveler 1844 The Cape of Good Hope [Collection by Petman 1931 Sapn 27] 'Eutiqualand (in the Hottentot Language Signifying Ever-Green Land)'. Dieselfde by J WiddiCombe Memories and Musings 78. Morris RF 1975 (letter and article) 'I was born born At Blanco ... And IT was there that mother told me that 'outeniqua' meant 'The Little Brown Man Who Carries Honey about The Mountains' ... I Firmly Believe That 'ou' Means Bags, 'Teni or Tini or Dine' Means Honey, and 'in terms of' Means People or Folk. These Words Put Together Mean 'Bags of Honey People' Or Men Laden With Honey ... '

afr Beutler 1752 RZA 3 275 '’t Houteniquas gebergte'. Ibid. 276 '’t Oudeni- quasland'. Ibid. 292 'Houteniquasland'. Ibid. 333 'in ’t Oude Ni- quasland'. Ibid. 334 '’t Outeniquasland'. Cloppenburg JW 1768 Journaal ms 21 (Kaapse Argief VC 96) '...wederom een landstreek is sonder hout, en niet bewoond, het geen ook in de kaart onder Houteniquas land gerekend word...Het woord Houteniquas wil seggen in het Hottentots Houteni sak draag, quas man of volk, wijl de daar bij gelegen hottentotten in sakken de honing uit de bossen haelden en dus droëgen'. Thunberg 1772 RESA / 221 'Hauteniqua', ook 'Hautniqua'. Sparrman 1775 / 227 'Houtniquas'. Ibid. 2 350 'Terra firma, Houtniqua'. Swellengrebel H 1776 GM RZA 4 27 'Autoniqua', ook saam met 30 '-bosch' en 33 '-land'. Ibid. 1776 ms Journaal 1(c) 2 'Antoniqua-land'. Paterson 1777 NFJ 34 'and proceeded towards the Hottniqua land'. Van Plettenberg 1778 GM RZA 4 57 '...in ’t Houtniqua land: welke landstreek dien naam voert na de Hottentotten die oudstijds dezelve bewoonden en Houtniqua of zakkedragers genaamd wierden'. Ibid. 54 '...in ’t Houteniqua land'. Ibid. 55 '...in ’t Hauteniqualand'. le Vaillant 1782 Travels 1 102 'This country bears the name of Autinequa; which in the Hottentot idiom, signifies a man loaded with honey'. Ibid. 104 'The whole country of Autinequa...is inhabited by several planters, who...collect honey, all of which they transport to the Cape...' Anon. 1805 lyst van alle Collegien [aangehaal by Pettman 1931 SAPN 27] '’t oude Niqualand'. Traveller 1844 The Cape of Good Hope [aangehaal by Pettman 1931 SAPN 27] 'Euteniqualand (in the Hottentot language signifying ever-green land)'. Dieselfde by J Widdicombe Memories and Musings 78. Morris RF 1975 (Brief en Artikel) 'I was born at Blanco...and it was there that mother told me that ‘Outeniqua’ meant ‘The little Brown man who carries honey over the mountains’...I firmly believe that ‘ou’ means bags, ‘teni or tini or dine’ means Honey, and ‘qua’ means people or folk. These words put together mean ‘Bags of honey people’ or men laden with honey...'

eng There are three elements in the name: Old + Teni (e) + qua / kwa. There is apparently no difference in the meaning of the conclusion part. Van Plettenberg's explicit that the place name (for a mountain and region) is a stem name, after the 'Hottentotten the Oudstijds Dezelve [region] Occupied ...' The name of the people went on the place where they stayed. This is an ordinary pattern. The -kwa is then to judge like the -kwa in other tribal names, eg. in Griqua and Namaqua. This is the MV. Male -Gu + The -a from the reinforcing objectivus: -gua is heard of rough as -kwa. Outeniqua = The men, people of Outenie, the Outenigen / People. The member eliminated, different from (h) old, (h) AU, EU (and an apparent misery AN), is interpreted in three different ways. Segslides from 1752 and 1805, LG. Officially, analyze the name as old + niqua (s). The old is for them then Oude, also completely loose as an eg. NW., D.W.S. They made it a Dutch word as if it had opposing value with a young Waswasland. It is an interesting abstraction from the starting part, in the direction of what can be called 'Volksetimology Sparrman gives the second statement and makes it loose a member who means' Terra firm ', d.i. or terra or firm. It can be called for the Member Widdicombe with them '(Ever-Green) land'. Then there is the third statement, viz. of 'Zak (ke) dragers' 1768 and 1778, and of '(a man) Loaded with Honey' 1782 and 1975. It leads us to Nama ǀǀ Ho- = 'Das Knappsack (Ziegenfell), tie as Sack Ohne Den Bauch Auf- Zutrennen abgeschlettet ist '(Kreenley 1889, also Kr.-r. 1969 NW 188), simply the African knapsack. These ǀǀ high agrees with the member (h) old.
Of the three choices, we can directly reject the abstraction 'Old'. The choice between 'land' and 'bag' (or betweenǃ Terra firm (Sparrman) is a unit concept for 'country', 'earth', in contrast with 'sea'. We can identify it, as shown, with the part old the name, but further we do not, it does not, in any way, the middle part then remains about 'Zakkondragers' and 'honey-loads'. There may be a mortgage, eg. 'Carriers of pockets with honey'. The connection with honey can also be made from another side. Honey was a trading article in this region. Le Vaillant, speaking about the Outeniekwasland, says (/ 102 there) O.M. 'One Indeed Cannot Proceed A Step Without Seeing A Swarm or Beef; The Flowers on Which They Feed Jump up in Their Myriads '. He says that the colonists will also trade the Hueen honey in Cape Town. For the carrier powder with which the natives brewed their beer, they also exchanged it in the Karoogebiede where they fetched the starvy, better known as carrier, the Trichodiadema Stellatum (Smith 1966 CNSAP 280).
'Honey' was in Old Cape Dani / Denni / Dini (s). It fits neatly into the middle component. The agreement between - and this Denni for 'honey' seems convincing. In Nama today is Honey Dani- (Kr.- And yet ... Nama also knows a Tani = 'tragen' (Kr.- 355). The core question is then whether the - named Old Teniequa means 'honey' (Dani / Denni) then 'wear' (Tani) with ǀǀ ho-, = knapsack, and Danie, exchange form Tenie, for 'Wear', we have language art exactly Cloppenburg and Van Plettenberg's 'Zakkagers'. The agreement with tenie = honey is then by chance, precisely because it is exactly honey worn in the bags, but also the reason why some wanted the connection with the word for honey. Together with Mr Morris and others who accept Le Vaillant's contextual distraction, we also believe that this is a good statement, viz. of what is in the bags, but word-for-word, D.W.S. etymologically, the right distraction is like Cloppenburg and Van Plettenberg, viz. 'Sakkedraers', (well understand, bags full of honey). The two statements, viz. that of the governor and that of the French traveler, just put two aspects of the same matter. Thus: the 'people (-kwa) carrying bags (ǀǀ ho-di = knapsacks) (Teni / tani / dani) [full of honey]'. EVER 60. In our opinion, what, in our opinion, is a fun, and intended it as an entertaining grant. F. Von Breitenbach in an informative contribution on Afrikaans tree names in the Southern Cape (Pietermaritzburg, 1962) p. 6 'The word 'Outeniqua' originated as a result of a multiple corruption of Obikwa or Abikwa, a scold that means' killers 'or'rowers' and applied by the Hottentots on hostile Bushmen ... 'And on p. 7' ... Obikwa ... By Metathesis ... changed in ob- Nika, Otnika, Floutnikwa, Antinikwa and, finally, Outeniqua ... 'ǃ

afr Daar is in die naam drie elemente: ou + teni(e) + qua/kwa. Oor die betekenis van die slotdeel is daar blykbaar geen verskil van opvatting nie. Van Plettenberg se uitdruklik dat die pleknaam (vir ’n berg en streek) ’n stamnaam is, na die 'Hottentotten die oudstijds dezelve [streek] bewoonden...' Die naam van die mense het oorgegaan op die plek waar hulle gebly het. Dit is ’n gewone patroon. Die -kwa is dan te beoordeel soos die -kwa in ander stam- name, bv. in Griekwa en Namakwa. Dit is die mv. manlik -gu + die -a uit die versterkende objectivus: -gua is ruweg gehoor as -kwa. Outeniekwa = die Manne, mense van Outenie, die Outeniemanne/mense. Die lid Ou-, verskillend gespel as (H)ou-, (H)au-, Eu- (en 'n klaarblyklike wanspelling An-), word op drie verskillende maniere gei'nterpreteer. Segsliede uit 1752 en 1805, lg. amptelik, ontleed die naam as Oute- + niqua(s). Die Oute- is vir hulle dan Oude, ook heeltemal los geskryf as ’n byv. nw., d.w.s. hulle het daarvan 'n Nederlandse woord gemaak asof dit teenstellende waarde het met ’n Jonge Niekwasland. Dit is ’n interessante abstraksie uit die begindeel, en wel in die rigting van wat genoem kan word 'volksetimologie Sparrman gee die tweede verklaring en maak uit die naam los 'n lid wat beteken 'terra firma', d.i. of terra of firma. Dit kan vir die lid Ou- vasgeknoop word aan die Namawoord ǃhu- = land, grond, aarde, afgaande op klankooreenkoms ((H)ou- naas l(h)u-), en sluit semanties aan by die opgawes van Traveller en Widdicombe met hulle '(ever-green) land'. Dan is daar vir Ou- die derde verklaring, nl. van 'zak(ke)dragers' 1768 en 1778, en van '(a man) loaded with honey' 1782 en 1975. Dit lei ons tot Nama ǀǀho- = 'das Knappsack (Ziegenfell), das als Sack ohne den Bauch auf- zutrennen abgeschlachtet ist' (Kroenlein 1889, ook Kr.-R. 1969 NW 188), gewoon die Afrikaanse knapsak. Hierdie ǀǀho- stem goed ooreen met die lid (H)ou-.Van die drie keuses kan ons die abstraksie 'Oude' direk verwerp. Die keuse tussen 'land' en 'sak' (of tussen ǃhu- en ǀǀho-) kan ons beslis deur nou eers te let op die middeldeel. Terra firma (Sparrman) is ’n eenheidsbegrip vir 'land', 'aarde', in teenstel- ling met 'see'. Ons kan dit, soos aangetoon, vereenselwig met die deel Ou- van die naam, maar verder kom ons nie, dit verklaar op geen wyse die middeldeel nie Dan bly daarvoor oor 'Zakkedragers' en 'Heuningbelaaides'. Daar kan ’n verband wees, bv. 'Draers van sakke met heuning'. Die verband met heuning kan ook van 'n ander kant aktief gemaak word. Heuning was in hierdie streek ’n handelsartikel. le Vaillant, sprekende oor die Outeniekwasland, se (/ 102 aldaar) o.m. 'One indeed cannot proceed a step without seeing a swarm of bees; the flowers on which they feed spring up in their myriads'. Hy vertel dat ook die koloniste die heideheuning in Kaapstad gaan verhandel het. Vir die karriepoeier waarmee die inboorlinge hulle bier gebrou het, het hulle dit ook in die Karoogebiede gaan inruil waar hulle die stervygie gaan haal het, beter bekend as karriemoer, die Trichodiadema stellatum (Smith 1966 CNSAP 280).'Heuning' was in Ou-Kaaps dani/denni/dini(e). Dit pas netjies in by die middelkomponent. Die ooreenstemming tussen -tenie- en hierdie denni vir 'heuning' lyk oortuigend. In Nama van vandag is heuning dani- (Kr.-R. 1969 NW 53), die wisseling t- en d- is gewoon, ook -a- en -e- is frekwent. En tog...Nama ken ook 'n tani = 'tragen' (Kr.-R. 355). Die kernvraag word dan of die -tenie- van die naam Ou-tenie-kwa beteken 'heuning' (dani/denni) dan wel 'dra' (tani) Met ǀǀho-, = knapsak, en danie, wisselvorm tenie, vir 'dra', het ons taalkun- dig presies Cloppenburg en Van Plettenberg se 'zakkedragers'. Die ooreenkoms met tenie = heuning is dan heel toevallig, juis omdat dit presies heuning is wat in die sakke gedra word, maar ook die rede hoekom sommige die verband met die woord vir heuning wou gelê het. Saam met mnr Morris en ander wat le Vaillant se kontekstuele afleiding aan- vaar, glo ook ons dat dit 'n goeie verklaring is, nl. van wat in die sakke is, maar woord-vir-woord geneem, d.w.s. etimologies, is die regte afleiding soos by Cloppenburg en Van Plettenberg, nl. 'Sakkedraers', (wel te verstaan, sakke vol heuning). Die twee verklarings, nl. die van die goewerneur en die van die Franse reisiger, stel maar net twee aspekte van dieselfde saak. Dus: die 'Mense (-kwa) wat sakke (ǀǀho-di = knapsakke) dra (teni/tani/dani) [vol heuning]'. Vgl. verder Raper 1972 Streekname 84-5 en Du Plessis 1973 Ondersoek 158-60. [Ons gee hierby wat na ons mening ’n grappige taalkundige towerspel is, en bedoel dit as 'n vermaaklike toegif. F. von Breitenbach in ’n leersame bydrae oor Afrikaanse boomname in die Suid-Kaap (Pietermaritzburg, 1962) se op bl. 6 'Die woord ‘Outeniekwa’ het ontstaan as gevolg van ’n meervoudige korrup- sie van Obikwa of Abikwa, ’n skelwoord wat ‘moordenaars’ of'rowers' beteken en deur die Hottentotte algemeen op vyandige Boesmans toegepas is...' En op bl. 7 '...Obikwa...by wyse van metatesis...het gelêidelik verander in Ob- nika, Otnika, Floutnikwa, Antinikwa en, uiteindelik, Outeniekwa...'ǃ